Jesus introduces what is known to us today as the Lord's Prayer. He was praying when the disciples asked Him to teach them to pray and that prayer is what He gave them. Jesus teaching on prayer didn't end with the prayer. He went on to teach them more on prayer using an example.
He presented a scenario where one of them went to a friend's house at midnight to borrow three loaves of bread. The need arose because a friend just showed up for a visit and there was nothing in the house to feed him. When the friend heard him knocking he told him it was too late, the doors were locked and they were in bed and he could not help.
Jesus told them, if the friend would not get up and get the bread for friendship's sake, his continued knocking and asking for the bread, would get up because of his "shameless persistence".
Jesus lesson on prayer was if you keep on asking you will receive what you were looking for. If you keep on seeking, you will find it. Keep knocking and the door will eventually be opened to you. For everyone who asks, receives. Everyone who seeks, finds. and everyone who knocks will have the door opened to them. He was teaching persistence in prayer through a story of persistence in a real life situation.
Following that teaching, Jesus continued with more on prayer and what to expect.
in verses11-13, Jesus sais; "You fathers-if your children as for a fish, do you give them a snake instead? Or if they ask for an egg, do you give them a scorpion? Of course not! So if you sinful people know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask Him."
If you men, who are sinful, give good things to your children, why would your heavenly Father who is pure and holy do anything less? Here is something that stands out to me. Jesus didn't say how much more stuff will your heavenly Father give you. He said "how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask Him.
In my mind Jesus was telling us how abundantly the Father would give spiritual things, things of heaven, things like the Holy Spirit if we ask such of Him.
There was a man who could not speak because of a demon within him. Jesus cast out the demon and immediately the man spoke, amazing the crowds who were watching. Someone in the crowd yelled out that Jesus could do that because he got his power from Satan. This riled many others who demanded proof showing He could do this through heavenly authority. Jesus sited a few things that showed how foolish it was to say his power against demons came from Satan
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First, if any power or kingdom fights itself or is divided against itself, it is doomed. So if Satan gave Jesus the power to destroy his demons, his kingdom would be doomed. It makes no sense. Then Jesus said if His power came from Satan, what about their exorcists? Surely they would condemn the accusers because that would imply their power must also come from Satan. Jesus said, however, if He was casting out demons by the power of God then the kingdom of God is among them right now. For Jesus to do damage to the kingdom of one as powerful as Satan, that person would have to be even more powerful which the Father certainly is.
Jesus told them, not only was anyone who opposed Him not working with Him, they were actually working against Him.
Jesus accepted an invitation to visit the home of a Pharisee for a meal. The Pharisee was alarmed that Jesus did not perform the customary hand washing ceremony prior to eating. Jesus responded by talking about how the Pharisees and leaders worry so much about doing things that clean the outside but ignore the filthy things on the inside. He asked him, "Fools! Didn't God make the inside as well as the outside?" Jesus instructed them to give to the poor which would clean the inside. (Giving to the poor would be a matter of the heart) Jesus told them once the inside was clean, they would be clean all over. (If the heart is clean, then everything would be clean)
Jesus continued to show that they concerned themselves with small matters such as the smallest tithe but they ignored important things such as justice and the love of God. The Pharisees expressed how they felt insulted but Jesus continued telling them how they crush people with unbearable religious demands yet never lift a finger to help people. In fact, they didn't live in the Kingdom of God nor did they teach the people how to get to the Kingdom. Rather the way they taught and related to people actually prevented others from entering.
(They concerned themselves with keeping laws and rules and demanded all people do the same. All such demands did was to break the spirits of the people. They placed unbearable expectations on others while making people feel unloved, lost, hopeless and uncared for. They loved the rules but never the people. The way they conducted the things of God were not done the way God would do them. God loves people and whatever He does is done out of that love in order to help people and draw them to Him.)
The teacher of the religious law were hostile and retaliated by trying to provoke Jesus hoping to trap Him into saying something they could use against Him.